Estimating the Dominant Life Phase Concerning the Effects of Battery Degradation on CO2 Emissions by Repetitive Cycle Applications: Case Study of an Industrial Battery System Installed in an Electric Bus

Many studies have evaluated CO2 emission from batteries. However, the impact of Li-ion battery (LiB) degradation on emissions material through operation phases has not been sufficiently examined. This study aims to clarify dominant phase and general industrial LiBs repetitive cycle applications. We developed a model common LiB composition calculated by LCA method using IDEA database. Our simplifies process, including capacity decrease internal resistance increase. used it in sensitivity analysis carbon intensity electricity charged LiB. The loss mechanism was determined experimental data for an electric bus with results illustrate that affects dominance, mix (71.3%), renewables (70.9%), over six years increases total amount 11.8% 3.9% equivalent. Although there are limitations regarding assumed conditions, present will contribute building monitoring standardizing calculations.